头发移植:不只是男人的“专利”

不要脱发

作者：卡拉康托
劳丽从高中开始非常关心她的稀疏的头发。到了三十岁，她已经植发来增加头发的密度。
而且现在工作压力这么大，更容易引起秃头。
劳丽是一名销售经理，今年已经40几岁了，她说她的兄弟姐妹的头发都很稀疏，她母亲还戴假发，秃发已经成为她们的家族基因。
有一次讲座，劳丽跳过讲座演讲直接与我磋商。她说：我从来没有听说过植发，更不知道一个女人也可以通过植发改变脱发少发的烦恼。”

在一个中年妇女头上移植头发就像在一块新的玉米地上种植玉米。新技术正在改变头发移植产业，也会越来越关注妇女头发移植的领域。
纽约大学医学中心头发研究所的医学博士迈克尔里德20世纪70年代初一直活跃在头发移植这个领域，他说：“大面积大量的头发移植使头发看起来很不自然的问题已经成为过去。
“新的方法允许没块每个植皮有更多的毛发加在现有的头发上，以形成更大的头发密度，与此同时，更精确的仪器允许外科工作更快，并且不用担心对头皮组织的损伤。这些技术已将头发移植从最费事费力的手术变成了很简单的手术，一般只需要2至3个小时。”
现在，更快更有效的植发手术顺理成章的变得对妇女更有吸引力。在20世纪90年代，只有不到5%的患有脱发症状的妇女有植发的打算；但是，到今天为止，妇女已经占了所有植发客户的30%。不得不说这是技术进步取得的成就。
劳丽在她第一次头发移植手术（1997年）前，非常的紧张。但是她惊奇的发现手术的过程相当简单，一点也不痛苦。比在牙医的治疗还简单，她一点都没有感觉到手术带来的疼痛，因为她是局部麻醉的。
麻醉过后，她的医生从她的脑部后面的头皮去除了一小块皮肤（ 大约1 × 1.5 × 12厘米）。一次手术可以移植这样的头皮大约400块，一块有2到4撮的头发。移植过后的2，3个月她并没有发现什么明显的变化，经过4至6个月，她看到了巨大的变化，头发的的密度大大的增加了。

Gabriel

还带翻译的啊 挺牛B

不要脱发

Losing Hair Differently
The best candidates for hair transplants are those who have common male-pattern or female-pattern baldness, a genetic condition. Hair loss also can be caused by variety of factors, including thyroid abnormalities, iron deficiencies, and autoimmune diseases. Childbirth can cause hair loss as well. But the most common reason people lose their hair is heredity. And, contrary to common myth, the trait is not passed from your maternal grandfather. Nor does it skip a generation. The propensity is passed down from all your relatives.
"The more bald people in your family, the greater your chances of going bald. If you look at a family of ten siblings -- there will be variations in amount of hair and its distribution," says James Arnold, MD, a dermatologist and hair transplant specialist in San Jose, California.
Women lose hair differently than men. Where men have bald spots in the front or back of their heads, women tend more toward diffuse thinning. They lose hair gradually, and after awhile, they get that "see-through" scalp of which Laurie complained.
Arnold, who limits his practice exclusively to hair transplants, also treats women. But he has not seen such dramatic increases. Partly, he says, because he hasn't advertised to women. "Women are more challenging to treat than men. Their expectations are higher. You treat a man, he sees he has a little more on top -- maybe he looks a few years younger -- and he's satisfied. Women want thick hair."
Laurie agrees that women may be tougher clients. After all, she's had three transplants. But she says hair transplants may be actually simpler for women because they're better able to hide them. "A woman can easily wear a scarf, and because women's hair is generally longer, it's harder to see the incision." Plus, when new hair comes in, the effect on a woman's scalp is more subtle. "People notice your hair looks better but they're not quite sure why."
        A Hair-Raising Price Tag
Nature's cure for baldness isn't cheap. Despite improvements, transplants are still labor-intensive and require the skill of a trained hair transplant surgeon -- whether a dermatologist or plastic surgeon.
"Mega-megasessions" that are capable of delivering 3,000-4,000 grafts (these can take 10 hours and involve the work of several technicians) can cost $10,000 or more. The more typical two-to-three-hour session, where 400-500 grafts are removed, runs about $5,000.
Add in the cost of drugs that augment hair growth. Propecia is routinely prescribed after transplants to prevent further hair loss in cases of male pattern baldness. The drug, which costs about $50 a month, is often combined with extra strength minoxidil, an over-the-counter baldness remedy. (Minoxidil should not be used by women of childbearing age as it can cause abnormalities in the growth and development of a fetus.) Other drugs to treat hair loss include Retin-A for male pattern baldness used in combination with minoxidil or Xandrox, which combine various doses of minoxidil, Retin-A, and azeliaic acid.
Are hair transplants for everyone? "Absolutely not," says Laurie. "But for me, it's been wonderful. It's changed my life. Some people might say, $15,000 -- are you crazy? But you can't imagine what it's like to be able to go into a swimming pool, play water sports, shake your head, and not be embarrassed. I feel so much more comfortable with myself."

不要脱发

Hair Transplants Not Just for Men
Vin Diesel, Shaquille O'Neal, Mr. Clean -- the bald male is accepted, even celebrated, in todays society. But a bald woman? Hardly. Double standard aside, help is on the horizon.
By Carla Cantor
WebMD Feature
Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD
Laurie began to feel self-conscious about her fine "see-through" hair during high school. By 30, she was having hair extensions sewn into her natural hair. That worked for awhile, but the pressure on existing strands eventually led to bald spots.
"I knew what was in store for me," says Laurie (not her real name), a sales executive in her mid-40s. "My sisters both have thin hair. My mother wears a hairpiece. Baldness is in our family genes."
She spotted a notice for a talk by a dermatologist who specialized in hair transplants for men and women. Laurie skipped the lecture and headed straight for a consult. "Getting a hair transplant had never occurred to me. I didn't even know a woman could have one." Not that a hair transplant seemed like a desirable thing -- all the men she'd ever seen with them looked "so, well, pluggy."
        No More "Pluggy" Look
Gone are the days when a hair transplant made a middle-aged scalp look like a field of newly planted corn. New technology and improved surgical techniques are transforming the hair transplant industry.
"Large grafting procedures that gave transplants their plug-like appearance are a thing of the past," says Michael Reed, MD, who has been performing hair transplants at New York University Medical Center's hair clinic since the early 1970s.
The new methods allow for more hairs in each skin graft to be placed between existing hairs, promoting greater hair density, says Reed. At the same time, more precise instrumentation permits surgeons to work faster with less worry about tissue injury. This has turned hair transplants -- one of the most tedious and labor-intensive of cosmetic surgery procedures -- into minor day surgery. A typical session, or "megasession" (as dermatological surgeons call it), lasts two to three hours. Other techniques to reverse hair loss include laser surgery, scalp reduction, and scalp expansion and extension.
Quicker, more effective procedures have made hair transplants a more attractive option for women. In the 1990s, women made up less than 5% of Reed's hair transplant practice. Today, says Reed, an assistant professor of clinical dermatology at New York University School of Medicine, women represent up to 30% of his clients.
Laurie was nervous when she had her first transplant in 1997 but was pleasantly surprised to find the procedure quite painless. "I was given a local anesthetic. It was no worse than the dentist's office. I hardly felt a thing," she says.
Next, her surgeon removed a tiny strip of skin (1 x 1.5 x 12 centimeters) from the back of her scalp, an area of relatively dense hair for even the baldest people called the "donor site." In one session, she was able to have about 400 grafts of skin -- containing two to four hairs each -- redistributed from the back of her head to the front and top. "It took awhile for regrowth, " Laurie says. (Typically, transplanted hair sheds within the first weeks or months and has to grow back). "But within four to six months, I saw a huge difference."

不要脱发

男女脱发的不同
基因遗传型脱发的患友最适合头发移植。脱发可由多种因素引起，包括甲状腺异常，铁缺乏，自身免疫性疾病。 对于妇女，分娩也可引起脱发。但是最常见的原因还是来自遗传。它不会单单是通过你的爷爷，而是更趋向于来自您的所以亲戚。
美国加利福尼亚州圣何塞的詹姆斯的医学博士，皮肤科医生兼头发移植专家阿诺德说：“ 你家族的秃头的亲戚越多，你秃头的几率就越大。你可以试着调查一下你亲戚的情况。”
妇女失去的头发的方式和男性不同。男子会在前额或者后脑出现光秃秃的秃顶，而妇女的头发会变得越来越薄，头发逐渐失去以后，就会发现能够看穿头发直到头发。
阿诺德专门研究头发移植到专家，特别是对妇女头发移植方法的研究。他说，解决妇女脱发问题的挑战性更大，她们的要求和期望更高，她们期望头发更厚，看上去哥哥年轻，而且她们的头发要厚的多。
劳丽认为妇女是非常苛刻的客户，因为她经过了三次头发移植深有体会。但是她说，头发移植对于妇女来说是相对比较简单的办法，因为她能够更好的隐藏头发移植的痕迹。你可以带一条围巾，一般妇女的头发都很长，新长出来的头发也不会看上去不真实。人们会觉得你的头发更好看了，但是不知道为什么。
头发移植需要多少钱
头发的自然疗法并不便宜。尽管头发移植技术有很多的进步，但还是项相对密集的劳动，需要的有技能、训练有素的头发移植外科医生和整形外科医生。
一次性移植3000到4000块头皮的手术可能会牵扯到几个技术人员10多个小时的工作，费用一般在1000美元或者更多。但一般一次手术能移植400到500块，费用大约为5000美元
。再加上购买增加毛发生长的的药物。这种药物价格大约为50美元一个月，常常还额外结合米诺使用（育龄妇女不应当使用的米诺，因为它可能会导致胎儿的异常成长）。其他治疗脱发的药物包括维生素- A和azeliaic酸。
头发移植适合每个有头发问题的人么？绝对不，这是很有头发移植经验的劳丽说的。但是劳丽强调说：“对我来说，真是太好。它改变了我的生活。有些人可能会说， $ 15000 -你疯了吗？但是我觉得值得，这样的人生更舒服更有意义。”