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发表于 2015-11-23 18:36:32
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英文原版：
“It’s like peeling anonion to figure out what all the complicating factors are causing the hairloss,” Bergfeld says. “Oftentimes, hair loss can be due to a combination offactors, especially since after age 50, a variety of diseases and conditionscan begin to develop in women.”
Possible Causes for Hair Loss
The reasons for female pattern hair loss are not totally understood, although it is thought to be related to a family history of male or female baldness, changes in the levels of male hormones (androgens) and aging. Five possible causes:
Menopause
Close to 50 percent of women will experience some degree of hair loss or thinning before age 50, which often worsens with menopause, according to the North American Menopause Society. “Your hormones have been supporting your hair growth,” explains Bergfeld. “When estrogen dips, the hair begins to change.”。
Illness or Underlying Medical Conditions
Thyroid disease, diabetes, lupus or anemia are among the 30 or so diseases that can cause sudden hair loss, according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), which says that hair loss can often be the first sign of disease. Other conditions include ringworm, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and some cancer treatments.
You may notice excessive hair shedding several months after a stressful or traumatic event (like divorce or loss of a spouse), sudden or excessive weight loss, a high fever or surgery, according to the Mayo Clinic. That shedding is normal and temporary — but may be long-lasting if the stress persists.
Dieting and Poor Nutrition
Eat poorly and your hair could suffer: The body shifts its nutritional stores to vital organs like your brain and heart — and away from your hair — if there is a shortage.
Low protein, low iron stores, low vitamin D and calcium can cause hair loss, says Bergfeld. But taking nutritional supplements for what you might be missing isn’t necessarily the answer. A study published in Clinical and Experimental Dermatology found that excessive levels of supplements can actually cause hair loss and should not be used unless there is an actual deficiency.
Rough Handling
Years of pulling yourhair too tight in a bun or ponytail or wearing it in cornrows or braids can putstress on the hair and cause a type of hair loss known as traction alopecia. Socan bleaching or regular use of dyes, relaxers and other hair products as wellas straightening irons and curling wands.
Treatment for Hair Loss
The onlyover-the-counter medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)for female pattern hair loss is minoxidil (commonly known by the brand namesRogaine or Theroxidil), a topical treatment which helps slow or stop hair lossin about one in four or five women and can produce some new growth of finehair insome women, according to Harvard Health Publications
It usually takes aboutone year to see how well the treatment will work for you and this is alife-long commitment: if stopped, hair loss begins again.
While treatment mayinduce hair growth, it usually won’t change the course of the condition.
If minoxidil does notwork, there are other “off-label” medicines, which include spironolactone(Aldactone), a drug used to treat hypertension; cimetidine (Tagamet), a classof histamine blockers; Ketoconazole, an antifungal agent and sometimes hormonereplacement therapy (HRT).
The American Academyof Dermatology says that once your dermatologist has determined the cause ofyour hair loss, he or she can tell you what to expect. Sometimes, the hair willbegin to re-grow on its own. Other times, you may need to change what you aredoing to allow the hair to start re-growing.
“The key is to detectthe signs early, so that we can intervene with potential treatments at theearliest possible stage when we can minimize the effects,” explains Wong.
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