妊娠与脱发

长恨歌

American Academy of Dermatology: Expecting a Baby? Expect Some Changes In Your Hair, Skin, and Nails. The importance of accurate Diagnosis of Pregnancy Related hair, skin, and nail conditions...
美国皮肤病协会：想要生个宝宝？你的头发，皮肤和指甲可能会发生一些变化。所以对于孕妇头发、皮肤及指甲相关的精确诊断治疗非常重要。
During pregnancy, changes in the skin, hair and nails are common. The correct diagnosis and treatment of these conditions during pregnancy are essential to ensure the health of both mother and baby.
怀孕期间，皮肤、头发、指甲的变化非常普遍，为了保障孕妇和胎儿的健康，对孕妇进行此方面的诊断和治疗显得尤为重要。
"The body experiences profound adjustments during pregnancy, which make pregnant women susceptible to changes of the skin, hair and nails," stated dermatologist George Kroumpouzos, MD, PhD, co-author of "Dermatoses of Pregnancy" published in the July 2001 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. "A careful history and thorough physical examination by a dermatologist can relieve anxiety about the nature of these skin conditions and the possible fetal or maternal risks associated with them."
皮肤病专家兼哲学博士的George Kroumpouzos, 在发表于美国皮肤病协会的学报上的一篇合著的文章“孕妇皮肤病”中说道：“怀孕期间身体经历着巨大的调整，这也使得孕妇对自己的皮肤、头发和指甲的变化非常敏感。皮肤科医生了解孕妇的病史并做全面的检查，可以减轻孕妇对皮肤变化以及孕妇胎儿相关疾病的焦虑。”
Pigmentary changes during pregnancy
怀孕期间色素的变化
Hyperpigmentation is common during pregnancy, affecting more than 90 percent of pregnant women. Hyperpigmentation is a skin disorder in which dark spots appear on the skin. This benign condition is attributed to an overproduction of melanin, a natural substance that gives color to the hair, skin, and iris. Normally hyperpigmented areas, such as the breasts and nipples, genital skin, and inner thighs, may become darker in pregnancy. Freckles, nevi and scars may appear darker as well. This condition disappears in the months following pregnancy.
怀孕期间色素沉着过度也是个非常普遍的现象，几乎侵袭了90%的孕妇。色素过度沉着也是一种皮肤病，皮肤表面会出现一些斑点。这是由身体黑色素过度生产造成的，黑色素是身体里给予头发，皮肤及虹膜颜色的一种自然物质。一般黑色素本来就较深的区域，比如乳房、乳头、生殖器周围皮肤以及大腿内侧，在怀孕期间都会加深。而且，雀斑、痣和疤痕颜色在妊娠期间也会加深。不过这些现象在分娩前后的几个月里会自然消失。
Melasma or chloasma, known as the "mask of pregnancy," has been reported in up to 70 percent of pregnant women. This common condition causes an increase of pigmentation that occurs almost exclusively in sun-exposed areas. "Melasma presents in three facial patterns. The centro-facial pattern involves the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, nose, and chin," said Dr. Kroumpouzos, Instructor, Department of Dermatology, Harvard University, Boston, Mass. "The malar pattern involves the cheeks and nose, and the mandibular pattern involves the side of the cheeks and jawline." Melasma can also develop on the forearms. Dermatologists encourage the use of proper sunscreen to prevent this condition as well as treatment with topical corticosteroids, bleaching agents, chemical peels or tretinoin. Most cases of melasma resolve after pregnancy.
据报道称被誉为“妊娠的标志”的黑斑和黄褐斑侵袭的孕妇已上升至70%。这种普遍现象几乎会引起每一寸暴露在阳光下的肌肤的色素增加。波士顿哈佛大学医学系讲师Kroumpouzos博士称，“黑斑出现在表皮区域分三种类型，中央型出现在包括脸颊、前额、上嘴唇、鼻子以及下巴，颧骨型出现包括脸颊、鼻子的区域，下颚型的出现在包括脸颊周围和下颚边缘区域。”黑斑还可能会发展到小臂上，皮肤病专家鼓励使用合适的防晒霜来防止黑斑，也可以局部使用激素，增白剂，化学换肤或者维甲酸进行治疗。
Hair and nail changes during pregnancy
妊娠期间头发和指甲的变化
"Pregnancy affects every area of the skin, including hair and nails. Undesirable changes may occur that leave pregnant women feeling anxious," said Dr. Kroumpouzos. "A discussion with a dermatologist can put a woman at ease regarding these changes."

Kroumpouzos博士说，“妊娠影响着每一寸肌肤，包括头发和指甲。一些不希望发生的变化的出现让孕妇感到焦虑，多与皮肤科医生沟通可以有效减缓孕妇对这些变化的焦虑。”

Hirsutism, a condition in which a woman grows hair in areas where only a man would, such as the face or chest, can be triggered by the endocrine changes of pregnancy. This condition usually regresses within six months following birth.
多毛症，指女性在一些本只有男性多毛的区域出现体毛增长增粗，比如脸部和胸部，主要由孕妇体内激素变化引起。这种情况在分娩后的六个月内会自行恢复。
Telogen effluvium is the excess shedding of hair that usually occurs one to five months following pregnancy. During pregnancy, an increased percentage of scalp hairs go into the resting phase that is part of the normal growth-loss cycle of scalp hair. After pregnancy, these hairs begin to fall out and thin. However, this condition does not cause permanent hair loss or obvious bald patches. Telogen effluvium resolves slowly beginning six to 12 weeks postpartum. There is no medical treatment available.

静止期脱发是指一般在分娩前后的一到五个月期间出现的过度脱发现象，怀孕期间，增加的 头发会进入休止期，这是头发一种正常生长脱落循环的过程，怀孕后，这些头发开始脱落并变薄。不过这种情况不会引起永久性脱发和明显的秃毛现象。静止期脱发会在分娩后的6至12个周内开始自然恢复，至今仍没有药物能够治疗静止期脱发。
Nails, like hair, can change noticeably during pregnancy. Some women find that their nails tend to split and break more easily during pregnancy. Like the changes in hair, nail changes aren't permanent.
与头发一样，指甲在妊娠期间也会发生明显变化，一些妇女发现在怀孕期间他们的指甲经常开裂，而且变得易断。不过跟头发一样，指甲的变化也非永久性的。

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